Abordagem sobre o monitoramento de novas substâncias psicoativas em águas residuais: uma revisão de literatura

Résumé

Informações epidemiológicas relevantes sobre o consumo de novas substâncias psicoativas podem ser obtidas a partir da epidemiologia baseada em águas residuais. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar o consumo de novas substâncias psicoativas de acordo com dados obtidos na literatura, assim como as amostragens das águas residais, os biomarcadores e os métodos analíticos utilizados nas análises. Foram incluídos 47 artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2024, selecionados a partir da base de dados Pubmed, utilizando como palavras-chave: wastewater-based epidemiology and new psychoactive substances. Demais artigos foram utilizados para complementar na discussão dos resultados, os quais foram pesquisados também em outras bases de dados, como: Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Foi possível verificar que o grupo de novas substâncias psicoativas das catinonas sintéticas e das fenetilaminas foram os mais estudados. A extração em fase sólida foi o método mais utilizado como preparo de amostras e como método analítico, destacou-se a cromatografia em fase líquida acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas em tandem. Notou-se a importância de analisar os metabólitos como biomarcadores, no entanto, na maioria das vezes foram utilizadas as substâncias parentais para as novas substâncias psicoativas. Conclui-se que a Wastewater Based Epidemiology é uma ferramenta eficaz para o monitoramento do uso de novas substâncias psicoativas, sendo possível observar os padrões de consumo em uma determinada população. No entanto, o desenvolvimento contínuo de técnicas analíticas e a identificação de biomarcadores específicos são essenciais para melhorar a detecção e a compreensão do consumo destas substâncias por determinada população.

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