Abordagem sobre o monitoramento de novas substâncias psicoativas em águas residuais: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Relevant epidemiological information on the consumption of new psychoactive substances can be obtained from wastewater-based epidemiology. This research aims to verify the consumption of NPS according to data obtained in the literature, as well as the sampling of wastewater, biomarkers and analytical methods used in the analysis. It included 47 articles published between 2014 and 2024, selected from the Pubmed database, using as keywords: wastewater-based epidemiology and new psychoactive substances. Other articles were used to complement the discussion of the results, which were also searched in other databases, such as Scielo and Google Scholar. It was possible to see that the group of new psychoactive substances of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines were the most studied. Solid-phase extraction was the most used method for sample preparation and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was the most used analytical method. The importance of analyzing metabolites as biomarkers was noted, however, most of the time the parental substances for new psychoactive substances were used. It can be concluded that WBE is an effective tool for monitoring the use of new psychoactive substances, making it possible to observe consumption patterns in each population. However, the continuous development of analytical techniques and the identification of specific biomarkers are essential to improving the detection and understanding of the consumption of these substances by a given population.

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