DNA Barcoding y Mini-Barcoding en la Rutina Forense: Evaluación de la Viabilidad y Eficacia de las Técnicas en la Identificación de Especies Animales en Muestras Degradadas.

Resumen

Aunque los protocolos y técnicas de identificación genética de especies animales han avanzado rápidamente en el ámbito académico, su aplicación por parte de los órganos oficiales de criminalística brasileños aún es limitada. Con el fin de evaluar la viabilidad y la eficacia de las técnicas de DNA barcoding y mini-barcoding en la identificación genética de especies animales en el contexto forense, se seleccionaron para este estudio 23 muestras antiguas, degradadas o almacenadas en condiciones no ideales, de identidad conocida. Las etapas de extracción de ADN, amplificación y secuenciación se realizaron de manera lineal y sin repeticiones para cada una de las dos técnicas. Se utilizaron primers universales de barcode y mini-barcode del gen citocromo c oxidasa I (COI), permitiendo una amplia cobertura de diversos grupos de vertebrados. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas con aquellas depositadas en la base de datos Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Las técnicas permitieron la identificación de aproximadamente el 78% (18 de 23) de las muestras. La tasa de identificación correcta fue mayor con el uso de mini-barcodes, aunque la eficacia de las técnicas varió según el tipo de material analizado. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a demostrar la viabilidad de incorporar las técnicas evaluadas a las rutinas de los laboratorios forenses brasileños, ya que los equipos y gran parte de los insumos requeridos son los mismos utilizados habitualmente para identificación humana.

Palabras clave

DNA barcoding
mini-barcoding
cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)
forensic genetic
species identification
DNA barcoding
mini-barcoding
citocromo c oxidase I (COI)
genética forense
identificação de espécies animais
DNA Barcoding
Mini-Barcoding
Citocromo c Oxidasa I (COI)
Genética Forense
Identificación de Especies Animales

Citas

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