Abstract
This article analyzes the overlap of rural properties with Indigenous Lands (TIs) in the state of Santa Catarina, a phenomenon that undermines the territorial rights of Indigenous peoples guaranteed by the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Indigenous Lands, which represent about 13% of the national territory, undergo a complex demarcation process before achieving full legal recognition. At the same time, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), established by Law No. 12,651/2012, has been used to illegally register properties over protected areas, intensifying land, social, and environmental conflicts. Based on an analysis of 26 Indigenous Lands in Santa Catarina, totaling 99,675 hectares, 1,553 overlaps were identified, covering 33,382 hectares (33.49% of the total). These overlaps include both private and public properties, such as settlements and conservation units. The results highlight the urgent need for land regularization measures, including the removal of irregular occupations and fair compensation for good-faith occupants, in order to safeguard Indigenous territorial rights and sociocultural integrity.