Forensic intelligence as a useful tool for reducing traffic fatalities: the Brazilian Federal District case

Resumo

Traffic accidents in Brazil kill more than 40,000 people a year and injure another 400,000, with largely permanent health impacts. This paper proposes the use of Forensic Intelligence, a field of Forensic Science that is able to convert forensic data into useful information, as a means to support policy measures and strategies, in order to prevent accidents. The selected study site was a small stretch on a Federal Highway (BR-040), where four fatal crashes occurred at the beginning of 2012. This highway had good mobility conditions and had no problems that could be correlated with these four fatal events, although speeding, alcohol abuse, and/or driver inattention were present in the crashes. We propose some possible interventions here, such as the use of advertising campaigns, strengthening traffic law enforcement, reduction of the speed limit, and the installation of electronic speed control devices in order to avoid future traffic accidents.

Palavras-chave

Forensic Intelligence
Traffic Accidents
Advertising campaigns
Strengthening traffic law enforcement
Speed reduction.

Referências

  1. R. Saferstein. Criminalistics: an Introduction to Forensic Science. 7th Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, 2001.
  2. S. Baechler, M. Morelato, O. Ribaux, A. Beavis, M. Tahtouh, K.P. Kirkbride, P. Esseiva, P. Margot, C. Roux. Forensic intelligence framework. Part II: Study of the main generic building blocks and challenges through the examples of illicit drugs and false identity documents monitoring. Forensic Sci. Int. 250, 44-52, 2015.
  3. M. Morelato, A. Beavis, M. Tahtouh, O. Ribaux, P. Kirkbride, C. Roux. The use of forensic case data in intelligence-led policing: the example of drug profiling. Forensic Sci. Int. 226, 1-9, 2013.
  4. A.F.B. Andrade, B. Telles, M.S. Sercheli, N.M. Kawano, R.M. Soares, C.A. Andrade, A.N. Vicente, W.X. Camargo Filho, J.A. Gomes. Analysis of car-pedestrian accidents on highways in the Brazilian Federal District. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment 146, 579-590, 2015.
  5. C.A. Andrade, B. Telles, M.S. Sercheli, N.M. Kawano, R.M. Soares, A.N. Vicente, W.X. Camargo Filho, J.A. Gomes. Road design intervention based on traffic accident dynamics: a forensic intelligence approach. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment 146, 569-578, 2015.
  6. C.A. Andrade, J.L.S. Farias, J.A. Gomes. Speed determination at the accident scene: needle slap effect. Rev. Bras. Crimin. 4(2), 7-18, 2015.
  7. J.J. Waiselfisz. Mapa da violência 2014 – Homicídios e juventude no Brasil. Brasília, 2014. http://www.juventude.gov.br/juventudeviva (Jul. 13, 2015).
  8. DNIT. Nomemclaturas das rodovias federais, 2015. http://www.dnit.gov.br/rodovias/rodovias-federais/nomeclatura-das-rodovias-federais (Jun. 15, 2015).
  9. E. Monteiro. Pela mobilidade no trânsito em Brasília – patrimônio da humanidade – cidade saudável com sustentabilidade, acolhimento e inovação, 2013. https://www.change.org/p/pela-mobilidade-no-tr%C3%A2nsito-em-bras%C3%ADlia-patrim%C3%B4nio-da-humanidade-cidade-saud%C3%A1vel-com-sustentabilidade-acolhimento-e-inova%C3%A7%C3%A3o (Jul. 13, 2015).
  10. Detran/DF. Acidentes com morte por tipo de via - Distrito Federal, 1995 – 2013, 2013. http://www.detran.df.gov.br/images/1%20 %20Acidentes%20com%20morte%20por%20Jurisdi%C3%A7%C3%A3o.pdf (Jul. 25, 2014).
  11. B. Telles, J.A. Gomes. Raio X dos sinistros de trânsito no DF. Relatório de pesquisa. Unpublished research, 2014.
  12. M. Bédard, G.H. Guyatt, M.J. Stones, J.P. Hirdes. The independent contribution of driver, crash, and vehicle characteristics to driver fatalities. Accid. Anal. Prev. 34, 717-727, 2002.
  13. J.K. Kim, G.F. Ulfarsson, S. Kim, V.N. Shankar. Driver-injury severity in single-vehicle crashes in California: a mixed logit analysis of heterogeneity due to age and gender. Accid. Anal. Prev. 50, 1073-1081, 2013.
  14. M. Conner, N. Smith, B. McMillan. Examining normative pressure in the theory of planned behaviour: impact of gender and passengers on intentions to break the speed limit. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social 22, 252–263, 2003.
  15. J. Cestac, F. Paran, P. Delhomme. Young drivers’ sensation seeking, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control and their roles in predicting speeding intention: how risk-taking motivations evolve with gender and driving experience. Safety Sci. 49, 424–432, 2011.
  16. F. Simon, C. Corbett. Road traffic offending, stress, age, and accident history among male and female drivers. Ergonomics 39, 757–780, 1996.
  17. S. Laapotti, E. Keskinen. Has the difference in accident patterns between male and female drivers changed between 1984 and 2000? Accid. Anal. Prev. 36, 577-584, 2004.
  18. D.L. Massie, K.L. Campbell, A.F. Williams. Traffic accident involvement rates by driver age and gender. Accid. Anal. Prev. 27(1), 73-87, 1995.
  19. S. Laapotti, E. Keskinen, S. Rajalin. Comparison of young male and female drivers’ attitude and self-reported traffic behaviour in Finland in 1978 and 2001. J. Safety Res. 34, 579-587, 2003.
  20. J. Reason, A. Manstead, S. Stradling, J. Baxter, K. Campbell. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics 31, 1315–1332, 1990.
  21. E. Constantinou, G. Panayiotou, N. Konstantinou, A. Loutsiou-Ladd, A. Kapardis. Risky and aggressive driving in young adults: Personality matters. Accid. Anal. Prev. 43, 1323-1331, 2011.
  22. M.T. Amlung, D.H. Morris, D.M. McCarthy. Effects of acute alcohol tolerance on perceptions of danger and willingness to drive after drinking. Psychopharmacology 231, 4271-4279, 2014.
  23. J.W. LaBrie, S.R. Kenney, T. Mirza, A. Lac. Identifying factors that increase the likelihood of driving after drinking among college students. Accid. Anal. Prev. 43(4), 1371-1377, 2011.
  24. T.J. Palumbo, D. Head, A. Swift, G. Rumschlag, J. Ing, C. Ngo, M. Surducan, E. Lahoud, B. Johnson, B. Mackie, R.L. Commissaris. The Effects of Texting and DUI Simulation on Driving Performance in a Driving Simulator. J. Ergonomics S3:013, 1-6, 2015.
  25. H.R. Treloar, D.H. Morris, S.L. Pedersen, D.M. McCarthy. Direct and indirect effects of impulsivity traits on drinking and driving in young adults. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 73(5), 794-803, 2012.
  26. D. Inaba, W.E. Cohen. Uppers, Downers, All Arounders: Physical and Mental Effects of Psychoactive Drugs. Ashland, CNS Publications, 2007.
  27. M. Schuckit. Chapter 23 - Ethanol and Methanol. (12thedn), Goodman & Gilman's. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2013.
  28. G.J. Salazar, M.J. Antunano. Medical facts for pilots. FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute - Aeromedical Education Division. Oklahoma City, 2005. http://flightphysical.com/pilot/alcohol.htm (Jul. 13, 2015).
  29. M.A. Regan, C. Hallett, C.P. Gordon. Driver distraction and driver inattention: Definition, relationship and taxonomy. Accid. Anal. Prev. 43(5), 1771-1781, 2011.
  30. K.L. Young, P.M. Salmon. Examining the relationship between driver distraction and driving errors: a discussion of theory, studies and methods. Safety Sci. 50, 165-174, 2012.
  31. S.M. Andrade, D.A. Soares, G.P. Braga, J.H. Moreira, F.M.N. Botelho. Comportamentos de risco para acidentes de trânsito: um inquérito entre estudantes de medicina na região sul do Brasil. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 49(4), 439-444, 2003.
  32. A. Fletcher, K. McCulloch, S.D. Baulk, G. Dawson. Countermeasures to driver fatigue: a review of public awareness campaigns and legal approaches. Aust. NZ. J. Public Health 29(5), 471-476, 2005.
  33. R. Tay. The effectiveness of enforcement and publicity campaigns on serious crashes involving young male drivers: Are drink driving and speeding similar? Accid. Anal. Prev. 37, 922-929, 2005.
  34. WHO – World Health Organization. World report on road traffic injury prevention, 2004. http://cdrwww.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/world_report/intro.pdf (Jul. 14, 2015).
  35. Brazil. Código de Trânsito Brasileiro, 1997. Lei Federal no 9.503/97.
  36. P. Suriyawongpaisal, S. Kanchanasut. Road traffic injuries in Thailand: Trends, selected underlying determinants and status of intervention. Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot. 10(1-2), 95-104, 2003.
  37. R. Dandona, G.A. Kumar, L. Dandona. Traffic law enforcement in Hyderabad, India. International Journal of Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot. 12(3), 167-176, 2005.
  38. CASR – Centre for Automotive Safety Research, 2015. Reduction of speed limit from 110 km/h to 100 km/h on certain roads in South Australia: a follow up evaluation. http://casr.adelaide.edu.au/publications/list/?id=1497 (Jul. 14, 2015).
  39. L. Carnis, E. Blais. An assessment of the safety effects of the French speed camera program. Accid. Anal. Prev. 51, 310-309, 2013.
Creative Commons License

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2016 Revista Brasileira de Criminalística

Compartilhe

Download

PDF (English)

Autor(es)

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)

1 2 3 > >>