The practice of autopsy has not changed significantly over the centuries. However, with the growth of Jewish and Muslim communities, as well as the refusal of family members, the rate of autopsy performance has declined worldwide. In this context, the implementation of non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques led diagnostic imaging to be rapidly considered an alternative. Thus, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) emerged as possible methods to be employed. Due to the short image acquisition time, excellent anatomical identification, ability to assess bone injuries, and capacity to highlight the presence of gases and foreign bodies, CT was considered a highly effective tool. Furthermore, it may be regarded as having greater specificity and sensitivity than MRI in cases involving firearm homicides, sharp weapon injuries, and traffic accidents. However, due to its superior soft tissue detailing, MRI demonstrates greater effectiveness in cases of sexual assault and hemorrhages. Virtual autopsy may be an important tool in homicides, natural and in-hospital deaths, victims of abuse, and attempted homicide cases. Therefore, its use in criminal proceedings and investigations proves useful on many occasions, serving as a strong legal instrument. Aiming at applicability within Brazilian forensic medicine, this study sought to compile scientific articles in an integrative literature review in order to broaden the knowledge of the professionals involved, demonstrating the applicability of imaging in legal proceedings and autopsy practice.
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