Abstract
The need for proper analysis of material evidence conducted by forensic experts has been recognized in Brazil since its first Constitution, promulgated during the Imperial period in 1824. Throughout 164 years of history, forensic science developed in techniques and methods, yet it remained subordinate to the judicial police. The linkage of criminal forensic expertise to the structure of judicial police institutions raised concerns regarding the guarantee of impartiality in forensic reports. Shortly before the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, the seventh Constitution of the country, nationwide debates highlighted the need to promote maximum independence and impartiality in forensic expertise. This article analyzes aspects involving criminal forensic expertise in Brazil, from its origins to the present day. The research adopted a historical approach, encompassing the analysis of issues related to criminal forensic expertise in Brazilian Constitutions, ordinary legislation, and the national technical-political landscape, concluding that the constitutionalization of criminal forensic expertise represents a guiding principle to be pursued.