Abstract
The individualization that DNA can provide is unquestionable, and when used as a tool in the criminal justice system, it achieves positive results, being able to prove innocence or identify those responsible for crimes. However, there are ethical issues related to the collection of genetic profiles due to the potential violation of the fundamental right against self-incrimination. In Brazil, Law No. 12.654/12 made it possible to create a genetic profile database, demonstrating satisfactory results in relation to previously unsolved crimes. In addition, it has contributed to a significant number of investigations following the insertion of genetic profiles into the database and can be considered an essential tool in combating crime. Cases such as those of Rachel Genofre and the Goiás serial rapist gained considerable public attention because the use of the genetic database made it possible to identify the perpetrators. Beyond criminal investigations and law enforcement purposes, the database can also be used to identify missing persons and human remains in disasters, as occurred in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. This study aims to conduct a literature review focusing on DNA and its importance in criminalistic analyses, based on books, journals, and relatively recent scientific articles. With the continuous expansion of the criminal genetic profile database and the high degree of precision provided by an individual's DNA, an increase in Brazil’s crime-solving rate is expected, while errors regarding criminal authorship may also be reduced.