Cognición en la Escena del Crimen: Reconociendo Evidencias de Potencial Interés para Investigaciones Policiales.

Resumen

El trabajo de los profesionales responsables de examinar y recolectar evidencias en escenas del crimen es fundamental para establecer la dinámica de los hechos y la posible autoría del delito. Ambos aspectos son importantes para fundamentar decisiones dentro del sistema de justicia penal y pueden contribuir tanto a la condena como a la absolución de personas. A pesar de estas repercusiones, aún no se comprende plenamente cómo los peritos criminales reconocen las evidencias como relevantes, ni cómo deciden cuáles deben ser recolectadas para su análisis. Esto representa un problema significativo, ya que la primera etapa de la cadena de custodia comprende el reconocimiento, definido como el “acto de distinguir un elemento como de potencial interés para la producción de la prueba pericial”. Este artículo discute lo que se conoce hasta el momento sobre este proceso y presenta direcciones futuras que pueden contribuir a la comprensión del razonamiento y la toma de decisiones de los profesionales que trabajan en el examen de escenas del crimen. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de revisión narrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas realizadas en las plataformas Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos CAPES, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO y JSTOR, además del rastreo bibliográfico realizado con el apoyo del software Connected Papers.

Palabras clave

Cognitive bias
Crime scene
Decision-making
Forensic Science
Police investigation
Cena de crime
Investigação policial
Perícia criminal
Tomada de decisão
Vieses cognitivos
Escena del Crimen
Investigación Policial
Pericia Criminal
Toma de Decisiones
Sesgos Cognitivos

Citas

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