Abstract
The use of synthetic cannabinoids has been increasing in Brazil, especially in the Southeast region, creating challenges in the identification and regulation of these substances, which bind to the same receptors as phytocannabinoids but have diverse compositions and effects. This study investigates the discrepancy between the rising use of synthetic cannabinoids and the low number of seizures in Brazil. Conducted in two parts, the study included an integrative literature review on the toxic effects of synthetic cannabinoids and a descriptive quantitative and qualitative study of seizures reported by government agencies and the media. From an initial 797 articles, 61 were selected, revealing toxic effects such as agitation, aggressiveness, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, anxiety, and fatalities. A total of 34 reports of seizures were identified, mostly concentrated in São Paulo, suggesting that the recorded seizures represent only a fraction of the reported spread. This study highlights the need for enhanced enforcement and improved identification and control strategies, which are essential to addressing the public health challenges associated with synthetic cannabinoid use.