DNA analysis has become established as an essential tool in forensic sciences, particularly in criminal identification. Forensic genetics, in particular, provides precise information that is crucial for resolving investigations and confirming identities. This article evaluates the effectiveness of the National Genetic Profile Database (BNPG) in Brazil by using performance indicators and comparing them with international metrics. The analysis is based on data from the semiannual reports of the Integrated Genetic Profiles Network (RIBPG) between 2017 and 2023, focusing on four indicators: match rate, return index, trace-to-trace match rate, and criminal representativeness rate. The match rate, which indicates the probability of correspondence between profiles, showed continuous growth, although remaining lower than that of the United Kingdom, reflecting differences in collection policies and in the proportion of registered profiles. The return index demonstrated a positive correlation with the increase in the number of profiles, although its limitations hindered performance evaluation. Meanwhile, the investigative match rate and criminal representativeness rate highlighted the importance of sample collection quality and the profiles entered into the database. The results suggest that, despite advances, the RIBPG could benefit from expanded reference sample collection policies. Comparison with international practices provides support for improving public policies and security strategies in Brazil, indicating that expanding collection criteria could increase crime resolution rates and reduce impunity.
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