Abstract
Forensic Biology is a branch of Biology that supports the field of Law, especially criminal investigations. It is composed of several subfields, such as entomology, botany, genetics, forensic hematology, among others. The forensic biologist is a scientific investigator who searches for, collects, and analyzes biological evidence or traces related to crimes, involving living individuals, corpses, and crime scenes. In Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world, there are numerous crimes that shock society due to the profile of those involved, the cruelty of the acts, and the unexpected circumstances, often generating public commotion. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of Forensic Biology in solving crimes of major national and international repercussion, highlighting its importance in such investigations and promoting benefits for society. Some of the notable cases discussed in the present study include “the farmer” (the first documented case of Forensic Entomology), “the Lindbergh Baby case,” and “the attorney Mércia Nakashima case,” all committed unexpectedly and violently, always involving biological traces, since both the perpetrator and the victim are composed of biological material; in other words, there is no perfect crime, even when the crime scene is altered or the body is relocated, as occurred in some of the examples mentioned. Therefore, it is extremely important that scientific studies and techniques continue to evolve constantly so that no case remains unsolved, since every family has the right to know what happened to their loved one and to ensure that the offender is held accountable under the law for their crimes.