Fenotipagem forense pelo DNA através de SNPs

Περίληψη

A fenotipagem forense pelo DNA se apresenta como uma abordagem promissora para suprir lacunas na busca de pessoas desconhecidas, em investigações criminais, e na identificação de vítimas de catástrofes e de pessoas desaparecidas. Essa metodologia permite a previsão individual de características externamente visíveis (CEVs) a partir de análises com SNPs informativos de fenótipos. Entre esses SNPs, os mais bem descritos são aqueles relacionados com as características de pigmentação, como cor dos olhos, pele e cabelo. Estudos vêm demonstrando o elevado poder de predição dessas CEVs, apresentando resultados satisfatórios na predição da cor de íris castanha e azul e cabelo ruivo, enquanto para as demais ainda são necessárias mais pesquisas para predizer com precisão esses fenótipos. Embora seja muito promissora, a aplicação prática da fenotipagem forense pelo DNA levanta diversas questões de ordem ética e legal. No Brasil, avanços ainda precisam acontecer, uma vez que a população brasileira é heterogênea e grande parte dos marcadores descritos é relacionada às populações europeias. Neste sentido, o Brasil já conta com a Rede Integrada de Bancos de Perfis Genéticos (RIBPG), a qual visa compartilhar e comparar os perfis genéticos entre os bancos do país. Em um futuro próximo essa metodologia estará apta a integrar às rotinas forenses, com grande aplicabilidade e confiabilidade.

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