Analytical detection of New Psychoactive Substances in biological samples: a Systematic Review

Resumo

Novas substâncias psicoativas (NSP) representam um desafio analítico significativo devido à sua diversidade estrutural e ao surgimento acelerado no mercado de drogas. Diante desse cenário, este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar sistematicamente os principais métodos analíticos validados recentemente para a identificação de NSP em matrizes biológicas, além das técnicas de preparo de amostras associadas. A revisão foi conduzida seguindo as diretrizes PRIMA-S, com seleção de estudos baseados nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão predefinidos, resultando na análise de 73 artigos. Entre as matrizes biológicas analisadas, o sangue e a urina foram as mais recorrentes, sendo a extração em fase sólida o método de preparo de amostra mais utilizado. Observou-se ainda uma tendência crescente na busca por procedimentos de preparo mais ágeis, simples e com menor toxicidade (redução no consumo de solventes tóxicos). Quanto às técnicas analíticas, a cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas de alta resolução, empregando especialmente com colunas C18, destacou-se pela sua seletividade e especificidade. Quanto às classes de NSP, os estimulantes foram os mais frequentes. Portanto, diante dos resultados apresentados nesta revisão, é fundamental ressaltar que não existe um método único ideal para a identificação de NSP. Dada a constante modificação estrutural dessas substâncias, uma abordagem combinada, utilizando diferentes ferramentas analíticas, torna-se frequentemente necessária. Além disso, a atualização contínua das técnicas pelas autoridades é essencial para acompanhar a evolução desses compostos.

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