Cognição na cena de crime: reconhecendo vestígios de potencial interesse para investigações policiais

Resumo

O trabalho dos profissionais que examinam e coletam vestígios em cenas de crime é importante para estabelecer a dinâmica dos fatos e a possível autoria do delito. Ambas são importantes para embasar decisões no sistema de justiça penal, podendo contribuir para a condenação ou absolvição de pessoas. Apesar de tais repercussões, não se sabe ao certo como peritos criminais reconhecem vestígios como sendo relevantes, e como eles decidem quais vestígios devem ser coletados para análise. Isso representa um problema, visto que a primeira etapa da cadeia de custódia compreende o reconhecimento, que se trata do “ato de distinguir um elemento como de potencial interesse para a produção da prova pericial”. Este artigo discute o que se sabe até então sobre esse processo e menciona direções futuras que podem contribuir para a compreensão sobre o raciocínio e a tomada de decisão de profissionais que atuam examinando cenas de crime. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de revisão narrativa de literatura, com pesquisas realizadas nas plataformas de busca Google Scholar, Portal de periódicos CAPES, Psycinfo, Pubmed, Scielo e JSTOR e rastreamento de bibliografias realizado com o auxílio do software Connected Papers.

Palavras-chave

Cognitive bias
Crime scene
Decision-making
Forensic Science
Police investigation
Cena de crime
Investigação policial
Perícia criminal
Tomada de decisão
Vieses cognitivos

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