Explorando os dois lados do cérebro: a percepção holística da fala reversa (PHFR) sob a perspectiva forense


Resumo

Quando se reverte um sinal de fala, observam-se distorções em vários níveis linguísticos, bem como drásticas mudanças em suas características perceptivas. Informações fonéticas das estruturas segmentais e suprassegmentais são definitivamente perdidas. Contornos de energia e curvas de F0 são revertidas e, como resultado, o conteúdo da enunciação é obscurecido de tal forma que o  que resta em nada lembra a língua original onde foram feitos os enunciados. Apesar das distorções, muitos parâmetros são mantidos, como, por exemplo,  F0 médio,  contorno de F0, valores médios dos formantes, espectro de longo termo  e qualidade de voz. De acordo com os resultados da primeira pesquisa internacional sobre práticas de Comparação Forense de Locutor, a frequencia fundamental   e a  qualidade de voz são os parâmetros  suprassegmentais mais usados e, além disso,  a qualidade de voz é considerada o parâmetro  de maior poder discriminativo.  A tarefa de reconhecimento  da voz  é um processo de interação entre  a  análise fonétca componencial e uma tarefa de  reconhecimento de padrão. Em virtude de se reter parâmetros importantes  para  tarefa de discriminação sem nenhum  benefício de sugestões   semanticas ou contextuais,  a comparação de amostras reversas de fala  é uma tarefa cujos processos psyco – perceptivos subjacentes operam de forma holística .  Nesse artigo, abordamos a percepção holística da fala reversa, de acordo com os dados cientificos disponíveis  ,  mostrando que a natureza ambígua desse estímulo, ao manter parametros altamente discriminativos,   possibilita o seu uso na etapa perceptiva dos exames   de Fonética Forense como procedimento alternativo em testes cegos por agrupamento.

Abstract

When a speech signal is reversed, there are distortions at various linguistic levels, as well as drastic changes in its perceptual characteristics. Phonetic information of the segmental and suprasgmental structures are definitely lost. Energy contours and F0 curves are reversed, and as a result, the content of the enunciation is obscured in such a way that what remains in no way resembles the original language in which the utterances were made.. Despite the distortions, many parameters are maintained, such as F0 average, F0 contour, mean values of formants, long term spectrum and voice quality. According to the results of the first international survey on Forensic Speech Comparison practices, fundamental frequency and voice quality are the most widely used suprassegmental parameters and in addition voice quality is considered the parameter of highest discriminative power for almost the totality of the research participants. The task of voice recognition is a process of interaction between componencial phonetic analysis and a pattern recognition task. Because retaining important parameters for discrimination task with no benefit from semantic or contextual cues, comparison of speech samples is a pattern recognition task whose underlying psycho - perceptual processes operate in a holistic way (Gestalt processing). In this article, we approach the holistic perception of reverse speech, according to available scientific data, showing that the ambiguous nature of this stimulus, by maintaining highly discriminative parameters, can be used in Forensic Speaking Comparison caseworks, as an alternative procedure in blind  grouping.


 

Palavras-chave

psicolinguística
neurolinguística
psicoacústica
Comparação Forense de Locutor
criminalística
psycholinguistics
neurolinguistics
psychoacoustics
forensic speaker comparison
criminalistics.

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Autor(es)

  • Albuquerque da Silva,
  • Albuquerque da Silva

    Superintendência da Policia Técnico Científica de São Paulo

    Foneticista Forense do Instituto de Criminalística de São Paulo  

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